Impact of oral whey protein nutritional supplement, rich in main minerals and vitamins, on nutritional status and physical performance of frail geriatric patients before elective cardiosurgery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background. Malnutrition in older age is an important risk factor for sarcopenia, frailty, morbidity and even mortality. Frail patients have higher surgical risk, especially in major surgical procedures, such as cardiosurgery. Aim. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of oral protein supplements on nutritional status and physical performance before elective cardiac surgery in frail geriatric patients. Methods. Patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery at Kauno Klinikos (Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences) who were 65 years old and over, frail (> 5 points on Edmonton’s Frailty Scale), and malnourished (< 12 points on the MNA-SF Scale) were involved in the study. Approval of Lithuanian Bioethics Committee (approval N°P1-BE-2-4/2020). Vitamin and mineral-rich oral whey protein supplement (created at LUHS together with commercial partner ‘Kelmės pieninė’, project No. 01.2.1-LVPA-K-856-02-0037) was given to the patients before the surgery. The dosage was 2 g/kg for ideal body mass. The changes in body composition, prealbumin level, homocysteine, vitamins B12 and D, and physical performance were evaluated before and after supplement consumption. ANOVA, Wilcoxon test, and Spearman correlation were used for statistical analysis. Results. 32 participants were included in the study (12 women), with a mean age of 70.5 (5.0) years. The supplement was used for ~6.5 days until surgery. Body composition results, as measured by BIA, showed that the sarcopenia index remained unchanged. Change in prealbumin level was correlated with duration of product use (r = 0.439, p = 0.017). Homocysteine concentration decreased from 19.3 (6.7) to 18.8 (6.7) μmol/L (p = 0.001). Vitamin B12 concentration increased from 393.69 (197.07) to 420.50 (196.8) pmol/L, and vitamin D − from 60.7 (26.8) to 65.5 (26.1) nmol/L (p = 0.003). Vitamin D concentration after product use was correlated with handgrip strength change (r = 0.421; p = 0.026). Physical performance was significantly improved after product use: handgrip strength increased from 30.9 (9.8) to 33.0 (10.2) kg (p = 0.005), ‘Stand up and go’ test time decreased from 12.9 (4.3) to 12.2 (5.0) s (p = 0.006), and gait speed increased from 0.509 (1.562) to 0.539 (1.303) m/s (p = 0.002) Conclusion. Oral whey protein supplement, when used ~6.5 days before elective cardiac surgery, improved the nutritional status and physical performance of frail geriatric patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".