The civil responsability of european airlines in the denial of boarding in the air transport of passengers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer una visión general de la responsabilidad de las compañías aéreas comunitarias en los casos de denegación injustificada de embarque, definiendo los conceptos y elementos esenciales tanto del contrato de transporte de pasajeros por vía aérea, como de la denegación de embarque propiamente dicha, más allá del overbooking, y las diferencias que presenta en relación con otros supuestos como la cancelación o retraso del vuelo; así como los distintos requisitos que debe observar una compañía área para operar bajo el actual régimen jurídico como compañía aérea comunitaria. La demanda, relevancia y volumen de pasajeros que conlleva este tipo de transporte, así como los distintos incumplimientos contractuales a los que se enfrentan los viajeros de manera habitual -con la problemática sobre competencia que añade el factor internacional- y la gravedad que estos pueden llegar a revestir, constituyen la columna vertebral este documento, que se centra especialmente, en la protección del usuario contenida en los instrumentos normativos europeos, como el Reglamento (CE) 261/2004 y los Convenios de Varsovia y Montreal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".