Investigation Of Pumpkin Seed Use In The Treatment Of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
INVESTIGATION OF PUMPKIN SEED USE IN THE TREATMENT OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA Ayten Demirci1, Mehmet Mesut Pişkini2, Esra Büyük2, Mevra Al3, Ayşe Sade Şahin2, Burak Cem Soner2 ABSTRACT Investigation of Pumpkin Seed Use in The Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the main cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in older men. Prevalence of BPH is about 506 in men 51-60 years of age and the ratio increases up to 906 among men in 81-90 years of age. BPH symptoms have negative influences on life guality and restrict daily activities. The recommended medication for BPH treatment is alpha adrenergic receptor blockers which reduces the prostate and bladder neck smooth muscle tone, and S-alpha reductase inhibitors which reduce prostate volume via epithelial atrophy. Although medicines used for BPH treatment have positive effects on life guality, the adverse effects (including sexual problems) lead patients to herbal medicines with less adverse effects and low cost. In Italy, 5090 of the prescribed medications used in BPH is herbal originated. According to a research in USA while 666 of the patients with LUTS related to BPH were using only prescription drugs, 146 of the patients were receiving only phytotherapy and 2096 of the patients were using both prescription drug and phytotherapy. In Europe, particularly in Germany, Austria, Italy and France, phytotherapy is often the first-line therapy for the treatment of BPH symptoms. The German commission E monograph reports that pumpkin seed oil is traditionally being used for prostate growth treatment in Europe. Besides pharmacotherapy and surgical treatment, phytotherapeutics are also involved in Canadian, American and European Urology Association guidelines for BPH treatment. According to these guidelines Serenoa rapens, Pygeum africanum, Urtica dioca and Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin seed) plants can be used for this purpose. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of pumpkin seeds on BPH and LUTS in consideration of current researches. In Europe, pumpkin seeds and pumpkin seed oil have been used for many years in overactive bladder-related micturition disorders and enlargement of prostate gland. The pumpkin seed contains about 509/4 fatty oil (linoleic acid oleic acid and tocopherol), but it is assumed that active substances of pumpkin seed are A7-sterols (avenasterol, spinasterol) and A5-sterols (sitosterol, stigmasterol). In 2014 according to GRANU (The German Research Activities on Natural Urologicals) research, the activities of pumpkin seed, pumpkin seed extract and placebo were evaluated for 12 months in a double-blind, randomized study in 1431 patients with BPH/LUTS. A clinically significant improvement in international prostate symptom score (IPSS) related guality of life (OoL) was observed on pumpkin seed group compared to the placebo group. This study supports the use of pumpkin seed in BPH/LUTS patients. A prospective randomized clinical trial in Iran, published in 2014, compared the efficacy of pumpkin seed oil and prazosin (alpha adrenergic receptor blocker) on 100 patients with symptomatic BPH. In this study, it was stated that pumpkin seed oil reduced IPSS score and increased QoL, but it was emphasized that prazosin was more effective than. Corresponding Author: BURAK CEM SONER, 1NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIBBİ FARMAKOLOJİ A.B.D. 2NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÜROLOJİ A.B.D. 3KTO KARATAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIBBİ FARMAKOLOJİ A.B.D.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it