A new method to determine heat loads in thermal storage and fluid transport through underground: Degree-hours
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Estimating the heat load of any thermal system is extremely important in thermal storage and fluid transport applications. Heat load estimates are related to temporal temperature changes. In this study, a novel degree-hour method, which takes into account the fluid temperature and soil temperature, is proposed to determine the heat loads of underground fluid storage and transportation systems. Thus, heating and cooling degree-hours are calculated for two cities with cold and hot climates as Izmir and Erzurum in Turkey. In addition, the temperatures of the stored and transported fluid are selected between-40 and +40 °C in intervals of 10 °C. Finally, theoretical implications for degree-hour calculations are presented in general terms, and a simple application is given for two cities in Turkey. The good performance of the degree-hour method is documented by the figures. © 2023, Toronto Metropolitan University. All rights reserved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".