Conjugate ground-satellite ELF/VLF emissions observed with strong magnetospheric compression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report the first simultaneous ground and satellite conjugate observations of ELF/VLF waves associated with magnetospheric compression. On 23 December 2014, a receiver at subauroral latitudes at Athabasca (ATH), Canada (54.7N, 246.7E, L=4.3) observed an ELF/VLF wave burst centered at ~2.5 kHz. This emission showed discrete elements and lasted ~3 minutes starting at 11:17 UT (~2.4 MLT). RBSP-B, located nearly conjugate to ATH in the post-midnight sector (~3 3 MLT) observed a similar emission. This wave burst was observed a few minutes after an intense sudden impulse (SYM-H amplitude ~53 nT) caused by the enhancement of solar wind speed (~330 to ~420 km/s) and dynamic pressure (~2 to 6 nPa) during northward IMF. At 11:16 UT, RBSP-B also observed a separate hiss emission below 1.5 kHz that was not observed at ATH. We investigate the possible generation mechanisms of these waves and suggest that they differ for the hiss and discrete emissions and that their propagation to the ground is also different.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".