Determination of the morphology of soot using the relative optical density (ROD) method for analyzing TEM images
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image processing method, the ROD method, is developed for deriving accurate parameters describing the morphology of soot aggregates generated in hydrocarbon air combustion systems. This new method was successfully demonstrated in the study of the morphology and fractal structure of a large population of soot aggregates thermophoretically sampled from the centerline of a co-flow ethylene/air laminar diffusion flame. The distribution of the primary particles within individual aggregate was studied using the ROD method based on their TEM images. The double-log-normal and a double-log-normal PDF provided the best fit to the measured data. Parameters describing the fractal structure of soot aggregates, fractal dimension = 1.77 and fractal prefactor = 2.48, were also obtained on ROD method. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 30th International Symposium on Combustion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".