Components of flaxseed responsible for its effectiveness in reducing breast tumour growth and mechanism of action
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Flaxseed (FS), rich in lignan (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, SDG) and omega-3 fatty acid-rich oil (FO), inhibits breast cancer growth and increases effectiveness of the breast cancer drug tamoxifen (TAM). This study determined which FS component (SDG, FO or combination), alone or with TAM, is more effective in reducing human estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast tumour growth in ovariectomized athymic mice, and the mechanism of action. SDG, FO or their combination regressed tumours faster and reduced tumour cell proliferation greater compared with untreated control. Only SDG significantly decreased PS2, IGF-1R and BCL2 mRNA expressions. TAM-treated tumours had large size and high cell proliferation, HER2 and IGF-IR mRNA expressions and low apoptosis which were reversed by SDG, FO and their combination, with FO producing greatest effect. In conclusion, SDG is more effective without TAM while FO is more effective with TAM. The mechanism involves modulation of both ER and growth factor-mediated pathways.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".