Development of a Rat Model to Characterize the Effects of Ischaemia on the Masseter and Temporalis Muscles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders of the muscles of mastication (mTMD) are associated with muscle ischaemia. The objective of this study was to develop a rat model to characterize the effects of ischaemia on masticatory muscles.The right external carotid arteries of 18 Sprague-Dawley rats were ligated to induce masticatory muscle ischaemia. The animals were euthanized at 10-, 20-, and 35- days post surgery. Right and left masseter and temporalis muscles were evaluated by quantitative sensory testing, histological and gene expression analyses. Data were analyzed using mixed and general linear models. Mechanical detection thresholds increased with time and were greater on the right than the left side after 20-days. Histological changes indicative of fibrosis and degeneration of the right masticatory muscles were evident at all timepoints and complemented by gene expression analyses. This novel model of masticatory muscle ischaemia holds promise for future studies of the role of ischaemia in mTMD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".