The role of transforming growth factor-beta in mammalian learning and memory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Members of TGF-beta super-family regulate a broad range of cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, homeostasis, apoptosis, and wound repair. Previous studies in Aplysia suggested a role for TGF-beta signaling in synaptic plasticity. Here we examined whether TGF-beta signaling plays a similar effect in mammalian learning and memory. To address this, we examined learning and memory in two lines of transgenic mice that over-express TGF-beta1 in astrocytes. We found that the first line (T64), which has elevated TGF-beta1 protein levels in hippocampus and cortex, exhibited facilitated learning in novel object recognition and trace fear conditioning. The second line (T115), which has elevated TGF-beta1 protein level in cortex, exhibited facilitated learning in Morris water maze and contextual fear conditioning. These results suggest that over-expression of TGF-beta1 facilitates learning and memory in mice, consistent with previous experiments in invertebrates. Therefore, TGF-beta signaling may play a conserved role in learning and memory.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".