Comparing the behavioural profiles of children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Oppositional Defiant/Conduct Disorder (ODD/CD): Working towards differential diagnosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) is a complex disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of cognitive and behavioural impairments. Children with FASDs have behavioural profiles that are strikingly similar to children with ADHD and ODD/CD; however no study to date has compared children with FASDs to these two groups. It was hypothesized that children with FASDs would present with a unique behavioural profile compared to typically developing children and children with ADHD and ODD/CD. Furthermore, we expected that individual items from a standardized questionnaire could be used to produce an FASD screening tool. An exploratory hypothesis investigated whether the severity of socioemotional disturbance seen in children with FASDs would be reflective of environmental risk factors. Results revealed that children with FASDs had a unique behavioural profile. Additionally, an FASD screening tool is proposed. Background factors were not found to influence the problem behaviours seen in children with FASD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".