Studies of autocrine VEGF signalling in rhabdomyosarcoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major regulator of angiogenesis and tumour growth, exerts signals through two receptor tyrosine kinases, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. Many tumours cells also express VEGF receptors and are influenced by autocrine VEGF signalling. Expression of VEGFR1 is induced in cells with a PAX3-FKHR translocation, a hallmark of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS). Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common paediatric soft-tissue sarcoma, and the third most common extracranial childhood solid tumour. In our experiments, RT-PCR demonstrated the expression of VEGF and VEGFRs by RMS. The addition of exogenous VEGF resulted in ERK-1/2 phosphorylation and cell proliferation, both of which were reduced with VEGFR1 blockade. Treatment with VEGFR1 inhibitor alone slowed RMS growth. All-trans retinoic acid decreased VEGF secretion and slowed growth, which was rescued with exogenous VEGF treatment. These data suggest that autocrine VEGF signalling occurs in RMS and its inhibition may be an effective strategy for rhabdomyosarcoma treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".