Cortical Gyrification Morphology in Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Disorders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The formation of cortical gyrification in early brain development remains a perplexing phenomenon in the field of neuroscience. The important roles of both genetic and environmental factors are evident in cortical gyrification morphology. With the aim of enhancing our knowledge regarding cortical gyrification morphology, we investigate cortical gyrification in neurodevelopmental conditions with largely genetic bases (Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD) as well as in a psychiatric condition characterized by a pathological response to traumatic stress (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD). This general aim is achieved through three separate manuscripts including a thorough qualitative (24 ASD and ADHD studies) and quantitative (n=977, from 10 ASD studies) syntheses of ASD and ADHD cortical gyrification literatures, an examination of local degrees of cortical gyrification (local Gyrification Index, lGI) in a large sample of male and female children and adolescents with ASD and ADHD relative to typically developing peers (n=539, 6-17 years of age) and an investigation of local degrees of cortical gyrification (lGI) in stress-exposed adult active service men with and without PTSD (n=44, 26-48 years of age). We found cortical gyrification atypicalities in individuals with PTSD relative to those without PTSD but no significant differences in cortical gyrification between individuals with ASD and ADHD and typically developing controls. The PTSD finding is suggestive of plasticity of cortical gyrification following an environmental risk factor likely in individuals who may have other pre-existing or post-PTSD risk factors. The findings from the study of neurodevelopmental disorders under investigation may be suggestive of either the lack of involvement of the genetic risk factors of ASD and ADHD in cortical gyrification morphology or alternatively that the highly heterogeneous natures of these disorders prohibit the identification of such associations in small and more homogenous subgroups.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".