Sex-related Differences in Healthcare Access and Utilization in Adult Patients with Inflammatory Arthritis in Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis compared healthcare access and utilization between male and female patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) in Ontario. Using Ontario health administrative data, inception cohorts of adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) diagnosed between 2010 and 2017 were assembled. Annual healthcare access and utilization patterns were assessed for 3 years before and after diagnosis, and compared between male and female patients using regression models. Before and after diagnosis, female patients were more likely to visit family physicians and rheumatologists, and undergo musculoskeletal imaging and laboratory tests across the cohorts. Opioids and NSAIDs were more likely to be dispensed to older female RA patients and, conventional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs to older female AS patients. In summary, female IA patients have higher musculoskeletal-related healthcare utilization than male patients, either due to biological differences in disease activity or sociocultural differences in healthcare seeking behaviour.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".