Etiologic factors associated with nevus involvement and p53 abnormality in cutaneous malignant melanoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tumour characteristics found to be associated with nevus involvement included thin Breslow thickness and superficial spreading histologic subtype. Subjects with many nevi were significantly more likely to have a melanoma with nevus involvement. Two indicators of high cumulative exposure to sunlight (melanoma location on the head and neck, solar elastosis adjacent to the melanoma) were less prevalent among melanomas with no nevus involvement. Factors found to be positively associated with the presence of strong p53 staining (>10% of cells positively stained, vs. tumours with no staining) included thicker Breslow thickness, male sex, having few nevi on the back, no evidence of nevus involvement, and having ever received a blistering sunburn. Melanomas exhibiting strong p53 staining were also positively associated with some indicators of high cumulative sun exposure (lentigo maligna melanoma subtype, melanoma location on the head or neck, evidence of solar elastosis, previous diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer). Recent studies have reported different risk factor distributions between subgroups of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) characterized by the presence or absence of tumour markers (nevus involvement, p53 protein abnormality). These findings have led to hypotheses positing the existence of etiologically distinct disease pathways in melanoma tumourigenesis. In order to address the hypothesis of etiologic heterogeneity in melanoma, a case-only analysis was performed to identify etiologic factors associated with evidence of nevus involvement and p53 protein abnormality in CMM. The analysis employed data from Canadian (Ontario, British Columbia) and Australian (New South Wales) subjects with a first primary CMM participating in the International Study of Genes, Environment and Melanoma. Evidence of nevus involvement was assessed for 932 subjects as part of a histopathologic review of diagnostic slides by study pathologists. Immunohistochemical staining using the monoclonal antibody DO-7 was conducted on tumour sections from 523 subjects to assess the presence of p53 protein abnormality. Measures of skin pigmentation phenotype, sun sensitivity and past sun exposure were measured using a self-administered questionnaire and telephone interview. The findings from this analysis offer limited evidence in support of a multiple-pathway model of melanoma pathogenesis; additional research investigating the existence of etiologic heterogeneity in melanoma is warranted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".