Development of an extended magnetohydrodynamic model for anisotropic plasmas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An extended magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model capable of modelling anisotropic and non-equilibrium plasma flows is proposed based on a ten-moment approximation to the solution of the Boltzmann equations, having a full second-order pressure tensor. The extended MHD model has been derived using many of the assumptions and methods used to derive the standard MHD equations. The model makes use of separate pressure and energy equations for the ions and electrons and a Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) collision operator is used to model ion and electron collisional processes. Eigenstructure analysis is used to explore the mathematical and physical characteristics as well as the hyperbolicity and realizability regimes of the model. A point-implicit finite-volume upwind scheme with second-order time stepping and a limited second-order spatial discretization procedure is used to examine the capabilities of the model and compare its predictions to those provided by the ideal MHD description for several one-dimensional plasma flow problems including a classic shock tube problem, the Brio-Wu MHD test case, and a modified Brio-Wu test case. The numerical results and limitations of the model are discussed along with future directions for this line of research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".