Assessing the Relationship of White Matter Hyperintensities and Grey Matter to Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), including apathy, irritability and depression, are frequently encountered in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Focal brain lesions, particularly in the frontotemporal regions, have been linked to the development of NPS. Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) can cause focal lesions and is common among patients with AD. CVD can be detected on MRI as white matter hyperintensities (WMH). The current study aimed to evaluate WMH burden and regional cortical atrophy in MCI and AD and determine their relationship with NPS. WMH and grey matter lobar volumes were measured and NPS were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. We found lower frontal, temporal and parietal GM volume and higher frontal WMH volume to be associated with NPS, with GM atrophy associated with symptom progression over 2 years. This study could provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of NPS in AD and other dementias.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".