Bibliographic record
Abstract
This dissertation examines the political literatures and activities of Iranian students in interwar Berlin. Iranian students went abroad with both government sponsorships, and independently with family funds, to train in European universities, obtain degrees in scientific and technical fields, and upon their return to contribute to the construction of a modern Iranian state. As well, they played a key role in Germany’s interwar program of Kulturpolitik (cultural policy) aimed at forming enduring relations with foreign states, in this case with Iran, by educating future generations of state officials and industry leaders in German academic institutions. City of Aspirations asks what impact did residence in Berlin have on the political and social outlooks of Iranian students and their visions for what a modern Iranian state should be? What role did students play in the dissemination of knowledge, politics, and understandings of modernity to Iran and diasporic communities, while studying in Berlin? Importantly, in what ways did students contribute to the politicized atmosphere of interwar Germany? Based on research in the archives and libraries of Germany and the memoirs, journals, and political pamphlets written by Iranian students, this dissertation argues that Berlin served as a key site in the formation of the ideological and political outlooks of a group of future Pahlavi officials and oppositional leaders. Iranian students in interwar Berlin fashioned themselves as active participants in projects of Iranian nation-building through the publication of political and revolutionary literature and the formation of political associations. Importantly, this dissertation seeks to show the contributions of Iranian students to the radicalizing atmosphere of politics in Germany at the end of the Weimar Republic. Their revolutionary literature and collaboration with anti-imperial groups contributed to the transnational movements present in 1920s and early 1930s Germany. This dissertation contributes to studies on the histories of Iranian modernity, political movements, and projects of reform. At the same time, it contributes to histories on the transformation of European metropoles as sites of protest and political collaboration by non-European actors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".