'The Butcher on the Bus’ is as Familiar to Older Adults as She is to Younger Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The “butcher on the bus” is an example of familiarity which arises when we find a person familiar (our butcher) but fail to recollect how we know them due to the unfamiliar context (the bus; Mandler, 1980). To address age-related differences in the butcher on the bus, younger and older adults viewed faces in scene contexts. At test, participants viewed studied faces in studied scenes, studied faces in new scenes, and new faces in new scenes. Participants indicated if they recollected the faces and studied scenes, if the faces were familiar but they could not recollect the studied scene, or if the face and scene were new, and then made source judgments to indicate if the test scene matched the studied scene. Recognition discrimination, estimates of recollection and familiarity (Yonelinas Jacoby, 1995), and source judgements revealed no age-related differences, demonstrating that younger and older adults experience this phenomenon similarly.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.282 | 0.128 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".