Contested place: Religion and values in the dispute, Burnt Church/Esgenoopetitj, New Brunswick
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This dissertation is an investigation of how implicit values, concerns and beliefs shaped the prolonged and violent environmental conflict that occurred in Burnt Church/Esgenoopetitj New Brunswick, Canada, between the years of 1999 and 2002. The dispute in Burnt Church was sparked by the Marshall decision of the Supreme Court of Canada, which recognized the treaty rights of Mi'kmaq people to fish, and prompted the entry of Mi'kmaq fishers into the lobster fishery outside of the regulated season. Grounded in the academic study of religion, philosophical phenomenology, and ethnography, this study demonstrates that the "fishing dispute" in Burnt Church/Esgenoopetitj was not simply a conflict over access to the lobster fishery, but a result of the deeply contested nature of this place. The dispute in Burnt Church is important as one illustration of the larger dilemma of place-based conflicts between indigenous and settler communities across Canada. Residents of the two communities of Burnt Church, Mi'kmaq and English, both argue that understanding the dispute requires understanding the place in which it occurred. The philosophical articulation of place suggests that place is the necessary ground of existence, and the way in which people and landscapes inscribe themselves on one another over time (Casey 1993, Malpas 1999, Stefanovic 2000). Religion and values shape sense of place in Burnt Church/Esgenoopetitj both historically and culturally; further, people's senses of place are themselves profoundly religious, as sense of place binds together communal social identity. Exploration of this place-based understanding of the dispute, and its history, raises the importance of native and non-native rights, sovereignty, nationalism, and conservation as values articulated in the dispute, and socially and religiously negotiated during and after the conflict. The dissertation concludes with a brief examination of the importance of non-local senses of place in the dispute, such as those of the Canadian government and Canadian activists. Resolution of conflicts such as the dispute in Burnt Church/Esgenoopetitj asks for more than simply negotiating the presenting issue, whether that issue is fishery access, forestry, or land rights; resolution requires attending to the implicit values and senses of place of both aboriginal people and settler communities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.029 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".