The influence of L2 English on the L1 Serbo-Croatian of Toronto-based bilinguals: the case of grammaticality judgments at the lexis/syntax interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis reports an exploratory study which investigated how the first-language grammaticality judgments of a group of Serbo-Croatian/English bilinguals (n = 16) living in Toronto differed from those of a group of Serbo-Croatian monolinguals living in Serbia (n = 10). Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the acceptances, rejections, and corrections on a grammaticality judgment instrument consisting of 20 bilingual and 20 monolingual Serbo-Croatian utterances revealed differences between the two groups. Overall, bilinguals rejected more items than monolinguals. Furthermore, they rejected more correct items and accepted more incorrect ones. Indications were found of differences at the levels of the lexicon, semantics, morphology, syntax, and pragmatics, some of which could be attributed to the influence of English. In order to ensure clearer insights into the restructuring of bilinguals' first-language grammars, future studies should include larger numbers of participants, additional data collection techniques, and participants who are bilingual in a range of languages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".