Acutely increasing alpha calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in lateral amygdala enhances auditory fear conditioning memory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alpha calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (alphaCaMKII) is a calcium-activated enzyme that is highly expressed in the brain. Previous studies show that disrupting alphaCaMKII function impairs several forms of memory. In the present study we assessed the effects of locally increasing alphaCaMKII levels on memory. To this end, we used a replication-defective herpes simplex viral (HSV) vector to express alphaCaMKII or control vectors into the lateral amygdala (LA), a region known to be critical for auditory fear memory. Mice received bilateral microinfusion of HSV vectors aimed at the LA 2 days before fear conditioning training. During fear conditioning a tone was paired with a shock. Memory was assessed 24 hours following training as the percentage of time spent freezing during subsequent tone presentation. We found that acutely increasing aCaMKII levels in LA neurons enhanced auditory fear memory. Importantly, locomotor activity and anxiety behaviour were not altered by overexpression of alphaCaMKII, suggesting that the observed increase in fear memory cannot be attributed to a non-specific increase in anxiety. These findings indicate that local and acute overexpression of alphaCaMKII enhances fear memory.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".