Metabolic and Signaling Interactions between Mitochondria and Chloroplasts in Nicotiana tabacum Leaf
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plant cells contain two organelles directly involved in energy metabolism, the chloroplast and the mitochondrion. Optimal cell function likely depends upon specific metabolic and signaling interactions between these two organelles. I used a combination of i. transgenic plant lines with modified mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) capacity, ii. chemical inhibitors of specific organelle ETC activities, and iii. specific treatment conditions; to generate unique metabolic and signaling states of the two organelles. This novel approach revealed that: 1. The mitochondrion is a necessary electron sink for photo-generated reductant, contributing to the “P700 oxidation capacity” of Photosystem I. 2. When the capacity of the mitochondrion to consume photo-generated reductant is limiting, the induction of non-photochemical quenching at Photosystem II depends upon PGR5/PGRL1-dependent cyclic electron transport (CET). 3. In the light, the plant cell is able to acclimate to a restriction in oxidative phosphorylation by increasing the capacity for photophosphorylation (through increased chloroplast ATP synthase amount) combined with an increase in mitochondrial electron sink capacity (through increased uncoupling protein amount). 4. CET provides an important means to optimize chloroplast ETC activities in response to changes in mitochondrial electron sink capacity. 5. The expression response of previously identified “mitochondrial dysfunction genes” is highly dependent upon the specific lesions in mitochondrial function that are applied, as well as the specific treatment conditions (e.g. light vs. dark). In part, this relates to differential effects of these lesions on chloroplast function and/or cell fate (acclimation or cell death), as well as the interconnected nature of signal transduction pathways. 6. The status of the mitochondrial ETC may be communicated to the cell, at least in part, through the generation of nitric oxide. Evidence is provided that nitric oxide can be produced in a nitrite-dependent manner at mitochondrial Complex III when the ETC is over-reduced. The results presented in this thesis provide new insight into the metabolic and signaling interactions that occur between the plant chloroplast and mitochondrion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".