Patterns of drug utilization amongst outpatients with HIV infection in Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study sought to quantify and describe the utilization of prescription, over-the-counter (OTC), complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and social/recreational drugs in a cohort of HIV-infected outpatients in Ontario, Canada. In total, 104 adults (49 women/55 men) were recruited through nine hospital-based HIV clinics from participants in the HIV Ontario Observational Database cohort. Overall drug utilization, demographics and disease characteristics were collected using in-person interviews and retrospective medical chart reviews. Results were compared between collection methods and between men and women. Longitudinal patterns of antiretroviral use were assessed and compliance to treatment guidelines was evaluated. Impact of operational CAM definitions was also considered. Drug utilization was extremely high. All patients self-reported the use of at least one drug, with the majority reporting major polypharmacy ( ge;5 drugs), averaging 15.7 +/- 7.7 drugs overall. By medical chart review, 96% of patients reported using drugs, most using>5 drugs. The mean was significantly lower (8.4 +/- 5.0 drugs per person, P
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".