Evaluation of Music Based Responses and Cognitive Interventions for Adults with Major Depressive Disorder and Suicide Risk
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) often experience impairments in attention and executive function, which can lead to difficulties in daily functioning. These cognitive deficits, along with disruptions in hedonic functions, contribute to increased feelings of hopelessness and heightened suicide risk. This dissertation investigates the potential of music-based responses to evaluate music reward and self-perception of hedonic states, as well as the cognitive applications of Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT) for adults with MDD at suicide risk, through three empirical studies.The first two studies used data collected through CAN-BIND 5, an arm of the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression initiative at St. Michael’s Hospital examining the biomarkers of suicidality. The first study investigated the use of the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire (BMRQ) and a semantic differential profile scale to evaluate how individuals experience music and self-perception respectively. Results revealed no significant differences in BMRQ results among individuals with MDD, across different levels of suicidal ideation and history of attempt, and healthy controls. However, there were differences in self-perception, as measured by the semantic differential profile scale. Listening to preferred music led to a marginally positive, yet significant shift in the self-perception among individuals with MDD, both with and without suicidal ideation. This was not as pronounced as the positive attitudes towards self, observed in healthy controls. Findings from the semantic differential profile scale highlight the potential use of this measure in identifying behavioural markers of suicidality in response to music. The second study examined the effectiveness of single-session NMT in enhancing short-term memory, processing speed, cognitive flexibility, and set shifting. Two NMT cognitive domain applications were delivered: Musical Attention Control Training (MACT) and Musical Executive Function Training (MEFT). Despite no significant improvements in short-term memory, processing speed, cognitive flexibility, and set shifting post-intervention for adults with MDD, the study suggests that longer intervention durations may be necessary to fully understand the potential of music-based cognitive training. This led to the development of the third study, evaluating the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of an 8-week NMT intervention using the same cognitive domain applications as the second study: MACT and MEFT. Results revealed high participant satisfaction and some improvements in short-term memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control. Additionally, there were significant reductions in suicidal ideation intensity and improvements in quality of life. Collectively, these studies highlight the potential use of music responses as behavioural markers for suicidality and underscore the role of music-based applications, in enhancing cognitive function and emotional well-being in individuals with MDD and suicide risk. The findings establish a basis for future research and suggest broader clinical applications of music-based responses and interventions to support adults with MDD and suicide ideation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".