Spatial Heterogeneity and Immune Microenvironment of Early Invasive ER+ Breast Cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer makes up approximately 80% of all breast cancer cases. This subtype is known to have distant recurrences for a subset of a patient after adjuvant endocrine therapy, which can partially be attributed to the heterogeneity of the disease, requiring revision of the treatment approach. The increase in popularity of immunotherapy resulted in some cancers such as ER+ breast cancer being overlooked as immunologically cold. This study characterizes the immune microenvironment in the tumour and tumour microenvironment (TME) compartments using the GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler. Using spatial analysis, metric of heterogeneity and multi-omic approach this study demonstrates that ER+ breast cancer presents with a rich immune microenvironment, one that can be leveraged by future immunotherapies. Significantly higher expression of CD127 in the tumour compartment versus the TME was observed, along with variable ERα expression in ER+ breast cancer that may be associated with a variable immune response.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".