The Final Flow: Istanbul's Fountains in Nineteenth-century European Narratives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis explores how developments in hydraulic technology and mentalities in Europe and the Ottoman Empire affected European depictions of Istanbul’s water system, particularly the fountain. This study advances our understanding of how the fountain came to be recognized by the late nineteenth century primarily for its artistic merit, and decontextualized from its role in the greater water network of the city. By comparing and analysing early nineteenth-century travelogues and news articles on fountains and water-systems to those from later on in the century, within the greater context of water history, we can uncover how these narratives were driven not only by “orientalizing” tendencies, but also a new, more hygienic focused “hydromentality.” This contextualization of European narratives lies less in asserting their reliability as testimony to the changes in Istanbul’s water system, but rather how their writings were a reflection of the changing attitudes and predilections of Europeans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".