Measurement and Characterization of Neighbourhood Scale Air Quality in the Vicinity of an Urban Rail Yard in Toronto, Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study explores potential neighbourhood scale air quality impacts of an urban rail yard in Toronto, Ontario. Measurements of NO, NO2, NOx, O3, PM10, PM2.5, BC and UFP were completed at two urban background stations near the rail yard. Two mobile monitoring campaigns measuring BC and UFP were also carried out on the surrounding road network. Fixed station measurements approximately 150 m from the nearest tracks exhibited statistically significant evidence of elevated indicator pollutant concentrations during downwind conditions. On-road mobile measurements exhibited strong influences from on-road traffic compared to other neighbourhood sources such as the rail yard. Paired analysis between the two fixed stations to estimate maximum potential rail yard pollutant enhancements demonstrated measurable impacts when contributions from confounding local sources were typically minimized, such as during downwind conditions and overnight hours. Future research could benefit from collaboration with rail operators for collection of detailed rail yard activity data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".