Whole-genome Sequencing Approach to Characterize the Population Structure of Bacillus cereus at a Human Milk Bank
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stringent milk handling protocols including pasteurization are used at human milk banks serving critically-ill, preterm neonates. However, up to 30% of donated human milk is lost to contamination with the potentially neonatal pathogen Bacillus cereus, whose spores can resist pasteurization. Here, we used genomics to evaluate the population structure of a collection of B. cereus organisms recovered from pre- and post-pasteurized human milk donated to a human milk bank, from patients seeking care at that facility and from the hospital environment. Pangenome analysis revealed an unexpectedly high level of genetic diversity within the milk bank/hospital strain population. Phylogenetic analyses using core-genome polymorphisms did not permit identification of sources of human milk contamination by B. cereus. Genome-wide association studies revealed that variants of genes involved in sporulation are overrepresented among organisms recovered from post-pasteurized milk. The results may be used to improve milk banking protocols and research around the world.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".