Adsorption and Desorption of Mixtures of Chlorinated Benzenes, Anilines and Nitrobenzene on Coconut-Derived Husk, Biochar, and Activated Carbon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chlorobenzenes, chloroanilines and chloronitrobenzenes are intermediates in the manufacture of pesticides. These compounds have been historically used in an industrial facility in Brazil and are now present in mixture and high concentrations in the site’s groundwater and soil. This work investigated the use of coconut-derived sorbents to remove these chemicals from water prepared to mimic the site’s groundwater. Coconut-derived biochar was pyrolyzed at 450 °C and 600 °C and H3PO4 activated carbon was pyrolyzed at 450 °C. Sorption experiments were carried out according to OECD Method No. 106 to determine adsorption and desorption coefficients and desorption hysteresis. The sorbents were then analyzed for BET surface area, porosity, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen mass percentages, mass fraction of organic carbon, composition of functional groups via 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and pH. The results of this work provide modelling parameters for the development of a treatment train for the mixture of chemicals present at the site.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".