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Record W7132941086

From Treaty Norms to Practices: A State Accountability Analysis of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change

2021· dissertation· W7132941086 on OpenAlexfundno aff
Christopher Campbell-Duruflé

Bibliographic record

VenueTSpace · 2021
Typedissertation
Language
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicEnvironmental law and policy
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of CanadaUniversity of TorontoPierre Elliott Trudeau FoundationGovernment of Ontario
KeywordsAccountabilityTreatyScholarshipState (computer science)TypologyInternational lawInternational relationsPolitics
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

A growing body of legal scholarship describes the potential of the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change to influence international affairs in terms of state accountability. Despite its omnipresence, however, this attractive concept remains insufficiently defined within public international law. In this context, the present dissertation makes three main contributions. Firstly, this dissertation develops a framework of state accountability under international law that is more encompassing than other approaches, and yields new theoretical insights. It defines accountability interactions as relationships whereby states are called on to justify their actions in light of the applicable norms (binding and non-binding), whereby these justifications are subject to assessments (by international actors not limited to tribunals), and whereby consequences (positive or negative) are applied as a result. It provides a typology of interactions based on the nature of the actors involved and two axes for their analysis. One axis focuses on the strength of the practices that international instruments may generate, while the other distinguishes between procedural and substantive actions. Secondly, this dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis of the Paris Agreement based on the framework developed. It examines the treaty’s 13 main substantive norms from a doctrinal perspective, and identifies areas where Parties were unable to resolve underlying political disagreements. It then scrutinizes the state accountability mechanisms established in the treaty and further defined in the 2018 Katowice Rulebook. It argues that the puzzle of interlocking mechanisms adopted by Parties suffers from significant weaknesses and gaps. Indeed, Parties failed to associate certain key substantive norms with strong accountability mechanisms, thereby foregoing opportunities to cultivate their sense of normative commitment over time. The dissertation also identifies certain more promising accountability avenues and draws these to the attention of researchers and practitioners in support of its third main contribution: arguing that the Paris Agreement’s accountability potential is not only procedural in focus. It draws attention to mechanisms that offer concrete opportunities, albeit few and narrow, for Parties to mediate their outstanding political disagreements regarding how to share the burdens and opportunities of climate action and to translate the treaty’s painstakingly negotiated substantive norms into practice. Un corpus croissant d’études juridiques décrit le potentiel de l’Accord de Paris de 2015 sur les changements climatiques d’influencer les relations internationales en termes de responsabilisation des États. Toutefois, malgré son omniprésence, ce concept séduisant reste insuffisamment défini en droit international public. Dans ce contexte, la présente thèse propose trois contributions principales. Tout d’abord, cette thèse développe un cadre d’analyse de la responsabilisation des États en vertu du droit international qui est plus englobant que d’autres approches et qui ouvre de nouvelles perspectives. Celui-ci définit les interactions de responsabilisation comme des relations par lesquelles les États sont appelés à justifier leurs actions à la lumière des normes (contraignantes et non-contraignantes) qui s’appliquent à une situation donnée, où ces justifications sont évaluées (par des acteurs internationaux non limités aux tribunaux) et qui mènent à des conséquences significatives (positives ou négatives). Il propose également une typologie de ces interactions selon la nature des acteurs impliqués, de même que deux axes d’analyse. Un premier axe porte sur la force des pratiques que les instruments internationaux peuvent générer, tandis que l’autre établit une distinction entre normes procédurales et substantielles. Deuxièmement, cette thèse présente une analyse complète de l’Accord de Paris, basée sur le cadre théorique développé. Elle examine les treize principales normes substantielles du traité d’un point de vue positiviste et identifie les différends politiques que les Parties n’ont pas été en mesure de résoudre pleinement. Elle analyse ensuite les mécanismes de responsabilisation des États établis par le traité et développés dans les modalités adoptées à Katowice en 2018. Elle soutient que l’assemblage de mécanismes interreliés négocié par les Parties souffre de faiblesses et de lacunes importantes. En effet, les Parties n’ont pas été en mesure de relier certaines normes substantielles clés à des mécanismes de responsabilisation forts, délaissant ainsi le potentiel de tels mécanismes de cultiver leur niveau d’engagement envers ces normes au fil du temps. Cette thèse identifie enfin certaines pistes de responsabilisation plus prometteuses sur lesquelles elle attire l’attention des chercheurs et des praticiens en appui à sa troisième contribution principale : mettre en évidence que le potentiel de responsabilisation de l'Accord de Paris ne se situe pas exclusivement au niveau procédural. Au contraire, elle met en lumière les mécanismes qui offrent aux Parties des opportunités concrètes, bien qu’étroites et peu nombreuses, de résoudre leurs désaccords politiques concernant la répartition du fardeau et des opportunités liés à l’action climatique et de mettre en œuvre les normes substantielles du traité.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.008
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.014
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.038
Threshold uncertainty score0.148

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0080.014
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0030.004
Science and technology studies0.0060.020
Scholarly communication0.0120.010
Open science0.0010.005
Research integrity0.0030.006
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0060.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.059
GPT teacher head0.430
Teacher spread0.371 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2021
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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