Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is evidence that in addition to the pancreas, the brain also synthesizes insulin. Two clonal immortalized hypothalamic cell lines, N-39 and N-46, express insulin 2 (Ins2). 16.7 mM glucose stimulates Ins2 mRNA expression in N-39 cells. Forskolin and exendin-4 induce a biphasic Ins2 mRNA response in N-39 cells, while 17beta-estradiol does not significantly alter Ins2 mRNA levels. Using transient transfections, we have shown that mouse Ins2 -110/+183 luciferase construct contains stimulatory sequences in N-39 and N-46 cells, while there are repressor regions at more upstream base pairs. This pattern of activity is not seen in the MIN6 beta cell line. Exendin-4 does not alter the activity of mouse Ins2 promoter 5' regulatory regions from -1004 to + 183 base pairs in N-39 cells. These studies indicate that nutrients and hormones regulate the expression of hypothalamic insulin, and the insulin cis-regulatory regions differ between the pancreas and the hypothalamus.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".