Examining the causal relationship between job control and health status in the Canadian working population
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this thesis is to provide stronger causal evidence that psychosocial working conditions, specifically job control, are causally related to health status. Current evidence supporting a causal relationship between psychosocial working conditions and health is limited across two key areas: the examination of the pathways between job control and health status; and the examination of the health effect of changing job control. Consequently the papers undertaken in this thesis: compare three explanations of why low job control is associated with poorer health status; and examine whether changes in job control predict differences in health status over time. The papers in this thesis utilized self-reported information from a prospective observational cohort of 4,886 employed respondents aged 25 to 60 years, over an eight-year period (1994--2002). Using a path analysis models, the papers in this thesis demonstrated that: (1) Low job control at baseline was associated with worse than expected self-rated health in 2002 both directly and indirectly, via differences in physical activity level in 1996. Adjustment for other factors associated with low socioeconomic status did not attenuate these relationships to a large extent. No differences were found in the direct or indirect effects of job control on health status between high and low socioeconomic groups (measured with both household income and education); and (2) Positive changes in job control over a six-year period (1994--2000) were associated with higher levels of physical activity, lower psychological distress, and higher levels of self-rated health. The associations between change in job control and physical activity and self-rated health remained among respondents who did not change occupations. Taken together, the current thesis provides evidence that the relationship between job control and health status is not explained by other measures associated with lower socioeconomic status; and that changes in job control are associated with differences in both level of physical activity and health status. Future research should be directed toward understanding the relationship between low job control and level of physical activity; to the accurate measurement of working conditions; and to distinguishing between changes in job control resulting from only change in perceptions, compared to those resulting from changes in work design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".