Folic acid food fortification and incidence of neuroblastoma in Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this retrospective, population-based cross-sectional cohort study was to assess whether folic acid food fortification was associated with a decline in the incidence of neuroblastoma in Ontario. We investigated the incidence of neuroblastoma, registered by the Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, before and after the introduction of folic acid fortification. The study cohort included 324 neuroblastoma cases of 2 242 438 total Ontario births during the study period (January 1985 to December 2000). An interventional time series analysis demonstrated that the incidence of neuroblastoma declined from 1.57 to 0.62 per 10 000 births after folic acid fortification (P < 0.0001). The crude IRR (0.40, 95% CI 0.25–0.64) remained significant after adjusting for both age and disease stage at diagnosis (adjusted IRR 0.38, 95% CI 0.23–0.62). The results of this study suggest that folic acid food fortification is associated with a significant decline in the incidence of neuroblastoma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".