Impact of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury on Income and Employment Status in a National Canadian Cohort
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) causes drastic changes to an individual’s health that can affect returning to work. Objective: To use national administrative health and tax databases to estimate the impact of SCI on income and employment. Study Design: A retrospective cohort study of adults who were hospitalized with SCI in Canada between January 2005 and December 2017. Main outcomes: The first outcome was the change in individual annual earnings up to 5 years postinjury. The second outcome was the changes in employment status up to 5 years postinjury. Results: The mean annual decline in earnings in the 5 years postinjury was -$21,435 (95% CI, −$26,028 to −$16,841). Five years postinjury 50% of injured individuals were employed, a decrease of -18 (95% CI, -22, to -17) percentage points. Conclusions: SCI had a significant association with a decrease in employment and earnings postinjury for adults aged 18 to 64 in Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".