Distinguishing between Adsorption and Biodegradation of MIB and Geosmin in Operational Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Filters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Water treatment facilities commonly use granular activated carbon (GAC) filters to remove taste and odour (T&O) compounds, such as geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB). However, filter exhaustion is challenging to predict due to the seasonal nature of T&O events. Thus, a tool is needed to qualify performance. Therefore, the φ parameter of the pore surface diffusion model (PSDM) was calculated from parallel minicolumn data to determine filter performance. Here, the biodegradative and adsorptive φ were measured using parallel biologically active and suppressed minicolumns, thus, distinguishing their relative contribution to the removal rate. When evaluated near GAC full-scale empty bed contact times, the average removal efficiency of MIB and geosmin were 53 ± 30% and 80 ± 14%, respectively. Additionally, based on principal component analysis, the full-scale conditions at the time of GAC collection significantly impact φ.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".