Eight days a week: how union workload blocks women's leadership in the union movement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Unions have reduced the hours workers spend on the job. Ironically, many union leaders, in particular women, find union workload heavy and debilitating. Workload is a barrier to women's union leadership. Women are underrepresented in Canadian union leadership. The demanding workload of top union jobs results from the construction of unionism as men's work. The ideal union worker is an always-available, able-bodied white male. The organization of union work excludes women (and men) with primary responsibility for home/family or who have other life priorities in addition to work. Unions' approach to workload resembles that of employers, thereby compromising union goals. Workload limits union democracy by limiting participation in decision-making. How can leadership, participation, and commitment be reconceptualized and practised to reduce union workload and include more union members? How can workload be reduced to increase women's participation? Recommendations are made to attack the problem of union overwork.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".