Economic evaluation of early treatment for patients with primary open-angle glaucoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction. This analysis was performed to determine if early treatment of patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is cost-effective compared to late treatment. Results. Total discounted costs of early and late treatment were $7,107 and $5,608, respectively. Total vision years gained (VYG) were 13.07 for early treatment and 12.65 for late treatment. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio was $3,543/VYG. Results were sensitive to variations in disease progression, time horizon and yearly cost of treating patients with mild disease. Conclusion. Early treatment of patients diagnosed with POAG is a reasonably cost-effective choice, providing added years of vision. Methods. A decision analytic Markov model was developed using a 25 year time horizon. The perspective was that of the Ministry of Health and Long-term Care of Ontario. Health states were defined according to mean visual field (VF) deviation scores. Costs and outcomes were derived from the literature, discounted at a 5% rate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".