Comparing the Oxidative Potential of Fine Ambient Particulate Matter Across Airsheds in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Oxidative potential (OP) and oxidative burden (OB) are being explored as more health-relevant metrics for assessing the risk of particulate matter. Correlations with different metals have been reported, although the findings are often conflicting, and thus not readily generalizable across locations or airsheds. Approximately 1000 PM2.5 samples, collected from June 2016 until December 2018 in forty cities across Canada, were analyzed using three standardized acellular assays: ascorbate (AA), glutathione (GSH) and dithiothreitol (DTT). Linear and multilinear correlations analyses revealed that different metals were influencing OP and OB to different degrees across the airsheds. In particular, OB values for all three assays were associated with Cu and Fe, and in addition, OBAA with S and K and OBGSH with K. The highest OP and OB values were seen in the East Central airshed, while the lowest were in the Southern Atlantic and Northern airsheds. AA and DTT activity are associated with coal combustion and combustion emissions while GSH activity is associated with anthropogenic metals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".