Identification of in vivo targets of Chx10, a homeodomain protein critical for retinal development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chx10 is a homeodomain protein essential to normal eye development in both mice and humans. Homeodomain proteins regulate gene expression by activating or inhibiting genes involved in cell-type determination during development. In Chx10 null mice, retinal bipolar neurons fail to differentiate properly. We have shown that Chx10 represses gene expression and hypothesize that Chx10 allows bipolar cells to differentiate by inhibiting genes required for differentiation of other retinal cell types. Here, we characterize Chx10 antibodies and use them to demonstrate that Chx10 and photoreceptor proteins are expressed reciprocally during retinal development, that endogenous Chx10 binds photoreceptor specific gene elements in vitro, and that Chx10 binds the arrestin and IRBP promoters in vivo. These data provide strong evidence that Chx10 promotes bipolar cell differentiation at least in part by regulating photoreceptor gene expression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".