An Analysis of Emergency Department Self-harm Presentations during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by concerns regarding increased suicides due to exacerbated stressors and the potential impact of SARS-Cov-2 infection and COVID-19 disease. Emergency department (ED) self-harm presentations can be used as a proxy indicator for suicides. Therefore, the current study analyzed the number of self-harm presentations to the three major trauma centres in Toronto, Canada during the pandemic’s first year. A chart review of presenting patients was then conducted to characterize the pandemic’s potential suicidogenic effects and identify at-risk populations. It was hypothesized that ED self-harm presentations would increase and presentation characteristics would change during the pandemic. It was found that while self-harm presentations did not increase, the proportion of medically severe injuries increased, and several suicide-related risk factors were independently associated with pandemic presentations. These results may be informative for suicide prevention strategies targeting vulnerable populations both during the pandemic and beyond.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".