The Association Between Cow Milk-Fat Percentage and Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Young Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this thesis, the relationship between cow milk-fat percentage and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol was investigated in 2–8-year-old children (n=2890) enrolled in The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!), a primary care, practice-based research network in Ontario and Quebec. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate associations between parent-reported cow milk-fat percentage and serum non-HDL cholesterol concentrations and odds of having high non-HDL cholesterol (≥3.75 mmol/L). Bootstrap resampling was used to assess whether volume of milk consumed mediated this association. Each percent increase in cow milk-fat was associated with a 0.024 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.005, 0.044; p = 0.01) increase in non-HDL cholesterol. Volume of cow milk mediated 28% of this association. Cow milk-fat percentage was not associated with the odds of high non-HDL cholesterol. Consumption of higher-fat cow milk was associated with small increases in non-HDL cholesterol, which may have implications for non-HDL cholesterol levels in adulthood.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".