Cryo-electron microscopy of membrane proteins ; lipid bilayer supports and vacuum-cryo-transfer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Unsupported lipid bilayers for use as near-native supports for electron microscopy (EM) of membrane proteins have been formed by immersing EM grids coated with fenestrated plastic through a lipid monolayer on a Langmuir-Blodgett trough. After insertion of membrane proteins by proteoliposome fusion, quick freezing and freeze-drying, these fragile proteo-bilayers can be stabilized for EM by evaporating a thin layer of carbon onto the lipid surface. A system was designed for transfer of carbon stabilized lipid bilayers from the carbon evaporator into a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), while the specimen remains under vacuum at liquid nitrogen temperatures. The system consists of a vacuum transfer shuttle, a spring-loaded specimen gripping device, and a gated STEM adapter unit. With this system membrane proteins can be imaged in the EM, with the molecules remaining immobilized in the form they had while in aqueous media, for subsequent 3D structure determination by single particle analysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".