Trends in Utilization of a Children's Hospital Emergency Department for Caries-related Complaints
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: To determine trends in caries-related visits to a children’s hospital emergency department and associated costs. Methods: A review of health records of all children who presented to the ED at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, with caries-related complaints from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2012 was completed. Institutional costs for the episodes of care were calculated using encounter level costing. A Poisson model examined trends over time. A log-linear model examined the impact of sex, age, comorbidity, and socioeconomic status. Results: Over the study period, the numbers of visits for caries-related complaints increased by 48 percent (p=0.001). Characteristics of the children were being male, under 5 years old, low socioeconomic status and no co-morbidity. The mean cost per visit was $575.17 CDN. Conclusions: With an increasing volume and mean visit cost of almost $600 CDN, children’s hospital EDs caries-related visits to children’s hospital EDs are not insignificant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".