Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this research, the pressure losses and velocity distributions for creeping flow through three fibrous porous models were measured. The three models were square arrays of acrylic rods with solid volume fractions of 2.5%, 5% and 10%. Flow visualization was used to show the flow patterns. It was found that measured flow resistances, f·Re, were in good agreement with the theoretical predictions after correcting for the model wall effects. Without correcting for wall effects, our experimental data were higher than the theoretical predictions. A larger discrepancy was found with the lower solid volume fraction. Two-dimensional velocity vector maps were measured in each array using particle image velocimetry. Symmetry and continuity were verified from the velocity maps. The dimensionless velocity distributions in a unit cell of each porous model were obtained by further analyzing the velocity maps. It was shown that the velocity structure within a unit cell depends only on solid volume fraction. These experimental data are critical for further explorations on non-Newtonian flow through the fibrous models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".