The Impact of Essential Amino Acid Supplementation on Free-living Protein Metabolism and Recovery following Resistance Exercise in Healthy Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The consumption of essential amino acids (EAAs) plays an important role in enhancing adaptation and recovery after exercise. The two studies of this thesis sought to determine the effect of crystalline EAA supplementation following resistance exercise (RE) on protein metabolism and muscle recovery in free-living settings. The first study examined the effect of daily EAA supplementation on myofibrillar protein synthesis following RE and how this may relate to the recovery of muscle damage. We found that EAA supplementation did not enhance myofibrillar protein synthesis integrated over 96 hours post-RE in free-living young men consuming 1.2g/kg/day of dietary protein. We also found that EAA supplementation moderately improved muscle damage recovery over the same timeframe, but this was unrelated to changes in myofibrillar protein synthesis. The second study examined the retention of exogenous leucine (an index of whole-body protein synthesis) and the urinary 3-methylhistidine:creatinine ratio (3MH:Cr; an index of myofibrillar protein breakdown) with different EAA supplements following bodyweight RE in a home-based setting. We found that exogenous leucine retention and urinary 3MH:Cr improved with the consumption of an EAA formulation or branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) following RE in young adults. However, these outcomes generally improved to a greater extent with EAA supplementation as compared to BCAAs. The overall findings of this thesis indicate that the consumption of all EAAs optimizes the anabolic response to RE, but is less impactful in the context of adequate dietary protein. Additionally, the ability of EAAs to ameliorate muscle damage recovery is not contingent on increases in myofibrillar protein synthesis, suggesting they primarily enhance recovery via a different mechanism. Finally, we demonstrate that a home-based study design to assess postprandial protein metabolism, which had not previously been conducted, is feasible and provides meaningful results. This approach should be further applied in various settings outside the laboratory to understand how the beneficial effects of exercise are best supported by nutrition in different populations and/or circumstances.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".