Bibliographic record
Abstract
Youth with behavioural problems are sometimes referred to outdoor education programs as part of their mandated rehabilitation. Objective. To compare adverse incident rates between mandated youth and voluntary youth participating in standardized outdoor wilderness education courses. Methods. Retrospective cohort study of youth at a school in Ontario (1996--1998). Individuals were classified as either referred for behavioural problems (mandated), or attending on their own initiative (voluntary) and followed for adverse incidents occurring on course (injuries, illnesses, or behavioural incidents). Results. 623 youth participated in 78 courses. Mandated youth (N = 149) were less numerous than voluntary youth (N = 474). Mandated youth were twice as likely to suffer an incident (OR 2.18, 95%CI 1.47--3.16). Results were confirmed by Kaplan-Meier analyses and remained significant in regression analyses. No deaths occurred. Discussion. Mandated youth were twice as likely to experience an adverse event as voluntary youth, despite both groups being removed from their home environments.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".