Visualization and characterization of liquid water saturation in polymer electrolyte membrane gas diffusion layers via operando tomography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells offer a promising pathway toward reducing reliance on carbon-emitting energy technologies. However, their widespread implementation is hindered by high costs, primarily attributed to mass transport losses during high current density operation caused by inefficiencies in liquid water management. This thesis comprises two studies that characterize liquid water saturations at the pore scale of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and their impact on performance. First, pore-scale saturation is defined for the first time through visualization techniques, revealing that pores are partially saturated rather than fully saturated, and local saturation in the bulk GDL influences pore saturation. Next, the impact of reactant gas relative humidity (RH) on liquid water saturation and PEM fuel cell performance is determined. Local saturation was observed to increase with RH, leading to a corresponding rise in pore saturation. This thesis provides insight into the design of new, more efficient materials for improved PEM fuel cell performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".