An evaluation of the effects of Ontario's graduated licensing system on drinking-driving behavior among young drivers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study uses a separate-sample pretest and posttest research design to evaluate the impact of Ontario's Graduated Licensing System (GLS) on drinking-driving behaviors among young drivers. Surveys were conducted in seven Ontario secondary schools in 1994, 1996 and 1998. Participants were 11th and 12th graders who held a learner's permit or full license in 1994 and held a G1 or G2 license in 1996 and 1998, for a combined total of less than 2 years. Logistic regression analyses showed significant reductions in odds of drinking-driving, collision involvement, and legal contacts in the posttests (the 1996 and 1998 samples). Type of license and sex were two significant moderators of the impact of the GLS. Some important predictors of drinking-driving behavior and collision involvement among young drivers in Ontario were also observed. These results suggest that Ontario's GLS has demonstrated some success in reducing drinking-driving and collisions among adolescent and new drivers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".