The Use of Variable Lymphocyte Receptor Tetramers to Characterize Circulating Plasmablasts in Antibody Deficiency
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early diagnosis of Common Variable Immunodeficiency and antibody deficiency (CVID/AbD), often due to impaired B cell development, can be challenging. A novel sea lamprey-based Variable Lymphocyte Receptor B antibody (V-CD38) that recognizes multimeric CD38 expressed on CD3-CD19+CD27hi plasmablasts, B cells that secrete antibodies, might better characterize peripheral blood B cell subsets, and help identify patients with CVID/AbD. Significantly reduced (p=0.002) plasmablasts were identified by V-CD38 in 11 patients with CVID/AbD (0.09%±0.13%) compared to 36 healthy controls (0.52%±0.57%), akin to the differences observed with a commercial anti-CD38 antibody (C-CD38). Furthermore, a strong correlation (p<0.00001) between V-CD38 and C-CD38 was observed. However, significantly (p=0.029) higher plasmablasts percentages were identified by a clinical lab using C-CD38, likely attributed to the increased specificity of V-CD38. Additionally, 54.1% of transitional B cells were recognized by V-CD38 antibodies. In conclusion, V-CD38 antibodies enable more accurate characterization of B cells and identification of patients with CVID/AbD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".