Three Dimensional Musculoaponeurotic Architecture and Innervation of the Human Flexor Digitorum Superficialis and Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Functional Implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of disability in Canada. Up to 80% of stroke survivors develop post stroke spasticity that results in pain, stiffness and joint contractures that negatively impacts quality of life. Botulinum toxin injection into the target muscle is essential for effective and safe treatment of muscle spasticity. Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) muscles are commonly affected, however, the recommended sites of injection vary. The aim was to construct a volumetric 3D model of the contractile and connective tissue elements of the digital bellies FDS and FDP to determine their functional characteristics and optimal botulinum toxin injection sites. The musculoaponeurotic architecture of FDS and FDP, and intramuscular innervation of FDP, were defined in 3D space. This thesis elucidates the morphology, relative functional capabilities, and optimal botulinum toxin injection sites of the digital bellies of FDS and FDP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".